Welcome girls
I hope you will find in this blog additional information and articles which may interest you.
Somewhere in the archive you should find a polio quiz.
If you find anything of interest mention it in class tomorrow.

For the first two or three weeks you will have some work to do posted in this blog.
The examples may be from the web or pictures you may find in a magazine.


Find examples of optical illusions that can help you explain the laws of perception.
You might find other posts which give some examples. Look up the archives in this same blog.

2. Introduction to Perception:
Definition of Perception

Perception is the process by which organisms interpret and organize sensation to produce a meaningful experience of the world. Sensation usually refers to the immediate, relatively unprocessed result of stimulation of sensory receptors in the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, or skin. Perception, on the other hand, better describes one's ultimate experience of the world and typically involves further processing of sensory input. In practice, sensation and perception are virtually impossible to separate, because they are part of one continuous process.

Thus, perception in humans describes the process whereby sensory stimulation is translated into organized experience. That experience, or percept, is the joint product of the stimulation and of the process itself. Relations found between various types of stimulation (e.g., light waves and sound waves) and their associated percepts suggest inferences that can be made about the properties of the perceptual process; theories of perceiving then can be developed on the basis of these inferences. Because the perceptual process is not itself public or directly observable (except to the perceiver himself, whose percepts are given directly in experience), the validity of perceptual theories can be checked only indirectly.

Historically, systematic thought about perceiving was the province of philosophy. Philosophical interest in perception stems largely from questions about the sources and validity of what is called human knowledge (epistemology). Epistemologists ask whether a real, physical world exists independently of human experience and, if so, how its properties can be learned and how the truth or accuracy of that experience can be determined. They also ask whether there are innate ideas or whether all experience originates through contact with the physical world, mediated by the sense organs.

As a scientific enterprise, however, the investigation of perception has especially developed as part of the larger discipline of psychology. For the most part, psychology bypasses the questions about perceiving raised by philosophy in favour of problems that can be handled by its special methods. The remnants of such philosophical questions, however, do remain; researchers are still concerned, for example, with the relative contributions of innate and learned factors to the perceptual process.

Such fundamental philosophical assertions as the existence of a physical world, however, are taken for granted among most scientific students of perceiving. Typically, researchers in perception simply accept the apparent physical world particularly as it is described in those branches of physics concerned with electromagnetic energy, optics, and mechanics. The problems they consider relate to the process whereby percepts are formed from the interaction of physical energy (for example, light) with the perceiving organism. Of further interest is the degree of correspondence between percepts and the physical objects to which they ordinarily relate. How accurately, for example, does the visually perceived size of an object match its physical size as measured (e.g., with a yardstick)?



Text taken from
Peter Lindsay & Donald A. Norman: Human Information Processing: An Introduction to Psychology, 1977.
ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA

http://ar.noticias.especiales.yahoo.net/noticias-fotos/2011/02/11/liu-bolin-hitc-dragon-series-photograph-no/

http://www.medicinenet.com/stages_of_pregnancy_pictures_slideshow/article.htm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/first_aid/skills_test/

Los 10 pasos para una lactancia materna exitosa:

1. Conocer los beneficios que ofrece la lactancia materna y la forma de ponerla en práctica.

2. Dar el pecho durante la hora siguiente al alumbramiento.

3. No dar a los recién nacidos más que la leche materna, sin ningún otro alimento o bebida, a no ser que estén médicamente indicados.

4. Fomentar la lactancia materna durante las 24 horas del día.

5. No dar a los niños alimentados al pecho tetinas ni chupetes artificiales.

6. Las mamas se deben lavar sólo con agua, sin jabón. Y deben evitar el uso de cremas y lociones.

7. Colocar en forma correcta al bebe en el pecho, con el pezón y aréola dentro de su boca para evitar el dolor y las grietas.

8. Consultar al médico periódicamente a fin de una revisación para descartar patologías y agregar a este exámen una ecografía mamaria.

9. El tiempo y la frecuencia del amamantamiento dependen de cada bebé y se recomienda la libre demanda.

10. Fomentar el establecimiento de grupos de apoyo a la lactancia materna y procurar que las madres se pongan en contacto con ellos a su salida del hospital o clínica.


Foto: Archivo

Desde que en 1979 la OMS y Unicef destacaron el importante rol de los Servicios de Salud Materno-Infantiles en el mantenimiento de la práctica de la lactancia materna y en su promoción, protección y apoyo, se han realizado numerosos esfuerzos en el mundo y en nuestro país a fin de lograr que el momento del nacimiento se constituyera en una oportunidad para fortalecer y estimular el amamantamiento.

Diez años después, la OMS y Unicef elaboraron un documento sobre "Protección, promoción y apoyo de la lactancia natural, la función especial de los Servicios de Maternidad" en el que se delinearon estos diez pasos.


Foto: Archivo

Las prácticas de alimentación complementaria son frecuentemente inoportunas, inadecuadas o inseguras, y los sucedáneos de la leche materna son sustitutos caros de la alimentación natural, de inferior calidad y a menudo peligrosos. Una gran mayoría de las madres pueden y deben amamantar, de la misma manera que la gran mayoría de los lactantes pueden y deben ser amamantados, ayudando así a enfrentar la promoción de las fórmulas infantiles.

Asesoró la doctora Karina Fraga del Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia de Halitus Instituto Médico y la doctora Ana Pedraza, Jefa del Servicio de Neonatología de la Clínica y Maternidad Suizo Argentina